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Etika Masa Depan – Part #1

Tulisan ini adalah rangkuman dari sebuah kajian dan literatur dari berbagai sumber di Internet. Kali ini kita akan membahas tentang moral atau etika dari seorang filosof Jerman, Hans Jonas (1903 – 1993), yang mengkritik dan selanjutnya mengembangkan tentang etika tanggung jawab dengan konsepnya yang sering disebut etika masa depan. Dan dia merasakan kegelisahan dengan melihat adanya situasi apocalyptic pada kehidupan dan peradaban manusia.

Hans Jonas (1903 – 1993)

Apa itu situasi apocalyptic ?

Serem juga yah mendengar kata apocalyptic. Tapi apa itu apocalytic? Orang menyebut situasi apocalyptic seperti situasi kiamat. Kita ini sedang berjalan secara slowly menuju situasi kehancuran atau kiamat. Tapi bukan kiamat yang karena waktunya dunia ini harus hancur atau bukan karena memang waktunya kiamat, atau mungkin karena takdirnya Sang MAHA KUASA untuk menghancurkan dunia ini. Bukanlah seperti itu. Tapi justru dikarenakan KITA sendiri yang menghancurkan hidup manusia itu sendiri. Oleh apa? Kehancuran ini disebabkan antara lain dikarenakan ilmu dan pengetahuan (Science & Technology). Menurut Hans Jonas, memang dulunya manusia itu, khususnya manusia modern, mengawali peradaban ini dengan bijaksana. Siapa yang memiliki pengetahuan, maka dialah yang kuat, dialah yang menang. Sehingga manusia tertantang untuk menguasai pengetahuan dan teknologi, kemudian memanfaatkannya untuk kehidupannya. Hingga titik ini semuanya masih bagus.

Tapi bagaimana selanjutnya? Ternyata semakin manusia mengembangkan teknologi, justru semakin tidak mampu menguasai teknologi yang dia ciptakan. Istilahnya seperti ‘senjata makan tuan‘. Manusia merancang teknologi untuk memudahkan pekerjaan agar lebih efektif, lebih cepat, tapi kita tidak sadar dikemudian hari karena teknologi yang diciptakan ini justru mengatur kita, mengatur manusia. Contoh nyata hari ini, teknologi atau penemuan yang paling revolusioner adalah HP atau gadget. Hari ini kita sangat tergantung pada HP atau gadget. Kita rasanya tidak bisa hidup tanpanya. Apalagi generasi Z hari ini. Sejak dini sudah akrab dengan teknologi. Berbeda dengan generasi saya, generasi 70-an, kita masih mengalami permainan tradisional, listrik padam, kalau mau mandi harus nimba atau memompa air dulu, pergi kemana-mana jalan kaki atau naik sepeda, karena belum ada ojek atau taxi. Sedangkan generasi Z sekarang sudah sangat dimudahkan dan dimanjakan, mau mandi tinggal putar keran, tinggal pencet tombol untuk mengukur suhu air yang nyaman buatnya, mau pergi atau mau makan tinggal pesen semuanya lewat HP, mau mencari sesuatu hanya perlu googling saja di HP, kalau malas mengetik bisa pakai voice command. Cukup rebahan di kasur, semuanya bisa tersedia di depan mata, hanya dengan menggunakan ujung-ujung jari tangan yang lincah pada HP.

Coba kita lihat realistas hari ini. Mungkin bagi generasi Z, listrik padam selama 2 atau 3 jam saja, rasanya sudah kiamat. Bingung mau apa yang diperbuat kalau tidak ada listrik. HP juga tidak ada sinyal, karena listrik mati, mungkin bagi generasi Z kondisi seperti ini sudah merasa tersiksa sekali. Dulu saya kalau naik transport umum untuk perjalanan jauh, seperti kereta api, bisa berjam-jam tanpa HP, karena kita ngobrol atau bermain dengan orang-orang di sebelah atau di sekitar kita, melihat pemandangan di kanan/kiri kita. Tapi sekarang, saya tidak jamin, kalian generasi Z tidak pegang HP akan kuat berjam-jam di jalan atau mengantri. Yang bikin kalian generasi Z bertahan karena ada HP ditangannya. Begitu naik bus atau kereta, langsung buka HP. Sehingga tidak peduli sekitarnya. Asyik dengan dunianya. Selama pandemi Covid-19, kuliah bisa dibatalkan karena Zoom Error, atau mungkin kalian sengaja bilang membuat alasan bahwa Zoom-nya Error. Dan banyak lagi teknologi yang telah mengambil peran manusia. Apalagi dengan adanya teknologi kecerdasan buatan atau artifical intelligence , sehingga ada robot atau aplikasi yang bekerja menggantikan manusia. Seolah-olah peran manusia tidak ada gunanya lagi. Bahkan bisa diprediksi nanti, banyak profesi manusia yang akan hilang, karena digantikan oleh teknologi. Termasuk mungkin profesi guru/tutor/dosen yang akan hilang pada masa depan. Karena semua yang kita perlu pelajari hari ini ada di Youtube. Hari ini, baik itu siswa/i sekolah, mahasiswa/i, masih adakah yang mencatat dan ikut menulis ketika guru atau dosen menjelaskan pakai ppt dan menulis di papan tulis (whiteboard)? Yang ada mereka mengeluarkan HP lalu ambil photo, atau screenshot dari laptopnya. Tidak perlu repot-repot…mungkin begitu yang ada dipikiran siswa/i dan mahasiswa/i sekarang. Ada lagi teknologi buatan manusia yang canggih yang bisa menggantikan peran vital wanita, yaitu boneka silikon dengan berbagai macam fitur yang menyerupai wanita asli. Sehingga banyak laki-laki kesepian yang fakir cinta dan sentuhan kasih sayang berburu teknologi ini. Tidak perlu repot merayu, memberi makan, mengajak dating, nonton bioskop, perawatan kecantikan, tidak cerewet….(*ups), tidak pernah protes, tidak bikin susah, tidak pernah sakit, tidak perlu menikah….intinya aman dan ekonomis. Begitulah pikiran, beliefs, values manusia bisa berubah dengan adanya teknologi. Coba sekarang kita lakukan sedikit penelitian kecil. kalian bisa cari di internet bahwa tragedi-tragedi kemanusiaan yang luar biasa dalam sejarah manusia di bumi ini kebanyakan disebabkan oleh teknologi. Contoh yang sudah kita ketahui, bom atom di Hiroshima dan Nagasakti, Jepang, 6 Agustus 1945. Kejadian WTC 9/11 (World Trade Centre 11 Septembre 2001).

Generasi hari ini mungkin terlalu asyik dengan dunianya sendiri. Sehingga kemampuan berinteraksi sesama manusia terancam. Atau sering dibilang minim social skill . Kenapa tidak punya social skill yang cukup baik ? Mungkin dikarenakan pengalaman hidupnya selama ini hanya bergaul dengan HP atau gadget. Mungkin kurang berkomunikasi, dikarenakan jarang bergaul, lebih banyak di kamar, atau di rumah, duduk di depan HP atau laptop berjam-jam bahkan seharian. Entah itu berselancar di internet, browsing, stalking, media sosial, bermain games, dll. Di dunia maya, seperti media sosial, kita bisa posting atau komentar apa saja dan merasa aman karena tidak terlihat secara langsung. Apalagi kalau menggunakan nama alias, pseudoname, nama samaran, dia akan merasa bebas bersembunyi dibalik topeng itu. Tapi ketika di dunia nyata, real, face-to-face, bertatap muka langsung, dia bisa gagap, pendiam, pemalu, penakut, tidak percaya diri.

Menurut disertasi Hans Jonas, itu semua adalah konsekwensi dari teknologi. Kita sudah dikendalikan oleh teknologi. Jadi situasinya sudah berbalik. Yang seharusnya kita mengendalikan teknologi, tapi justru sebaliknya teknologi yang menguasai dan mengendalikan kita. Dan ini yang disebut dengan situasi apocalyptic. Situasi ini jika dibiarkan berlangsung, maka bisa dibayangkan generasi yang akan datang akan seperti apa. Inilah ancaman situasi kiamat manusia yang diciptakan oleh manusia itu sendiri. Hilang rasa kemanusiaannya. Hilang nilai dirinya. Hilang identitas dirinya. Hilang values. Hilang kepercayaannya. Hilang imannya.

Bagaimana cara mengatasinya ?

Bersambung….

Colmar, 22 Decembre 2022, Winter.

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